Fahami sifat dan kegunaan galium dalam satu minit

The properties of metal gallium: element symbol Ga, atomic number 31, is a group IIIA metal. The density is 5.904 g/cm³, the melting point is 29.76 degree (302.91 K, 85.57 degree F), and the boiling point is 2204 degree (2477 K, 3999 degree F). Solid gallium is blue-gray, and liquid gallium is silver-white. Gallium is hard and brittle at low temperature, but melts when it exceeds room temperature, soluble in acid and alkali, slightly soluble in mercury, and highly corrosive. Gallium is relatively stable in dry air, and an oxide film will form on the surface to prevent continued oxidation, and it will lose its luster in humid air. The freezing point of gallium is very low. When it is converted from liquid to solid, the expansion rate is 3.1 percent . Gallium can infiltrate glass, so it should not be stored in glass containers, but in plastic containers.

Occurrence state of gallium: The content of gallium in the earth's crust is 0.0015 percent . The distribution of gallium in nature is relatively scattered, and most of them exist in associated minerals, mainly in bauxite, and a small amount in tin, tungsten and lead-zinc.

Penggunaan galium: Pada masa ini, bidang penggunaan galium logam di negara saya termasuk bahan semikonduktor dan optoelektronik, sel suria, aloi, peralatan perubatan, bahan magnet, dll. Antaranya, industri semikonduktor telah menjadi bidang penggunaan terbesar galium, menyumbang kira-kira 80 peratus daripada jumlah penggunaan. Dengan perkembangan pesat industri aplikasi hiliran galium, terutamanya industri semikonduktor dan industri sel solar, permintaan untuk galium logam juga akan berkembang dengan stabil pada masa hadapan.

1.1 Bahan Semikonduktor

Gallium is a rare metal with a low melting point and a high boiling point, and is known as the "backbone of the electronics industry". Gallium compounds are high-quality semiconductor materials and are widely used in the optoelectronics industry and microwave communication industry for the manufacture of microwave communication and microwave integration, infrared optics and infrared detection devices, integrated circuits, light-emitting diodes, etc. For example, the red and green light we see on computers is emitted by gallium phosphide diodes.

1.2 Sel suria

Gallium digunakan dalam pembuatan sel solar, seperti sel solar gallium arsenide IIIV, yang mempunyai rintangan haba yang baik, rintangan sinaran dan ciri-ciri lain, dan kadar penukaran fotoelektriknya sangat tinggi.

1.3 Aloi

Galium dan indium, talium, timah, bismut, zink, dsb. boleh membentuk satu siri aloi lebur-rendah antara 3 darjah dan 65 darjah , yang digunakan untuk pengukuran dan kawalan suhu, pengganti merkuri dalam instrumen, penyokong dalam operasi manik, dan salutan logam. Litar penyejukan untuk lapisan, elektronik dan industri nuklear. Sebagai contoh, aloi galium yang mengandungi 25 peratus indium ialah aloi takat lebur rendah yang cair pada 16 darjah dan boleh digunakan dalam peranti pemadam api automatik. Galium dan kuprum, nikel, timah, emas, dsb. boleh membentuk fluks sejuk, yang sesuai untuk-}mengimpal-dinding nipis berbentuk khas-istimewa, kimpalan sejuk antara logam dan antara seramik dan penyekat rongga.

1.4 Bidang perubatan

Gallium can be used in medical diagnostics, such as the use of gallium citrate (67Ga) to diagnose lung and liver cancer. Gallium alloys can also be applied to medical devices and medical materials, such as using gallium alloys as tooth filling materials, using "indium gallium alloys" to make thermometers, etc.